Biotechnology-Principles-And-Processes-Part-4

Transgenic Animals:

• Definition: Transgenic animals have foreign DNA (genes) inserted into their genome to express new traits.

• Steps of Transgenesis:

1. Selection of Target Gene: Choose the gene of interest, typically coding for specific proteins or traits.

2. Gene Cloning: Amplify the target gene using techniques like PCR to create multiple copies.

3. Insertion of Target Gene: Introduce the cloned gene into the host animal’s genome using methods like microinjection, viral vectors, or CRISPR- Cas9.

• Examples of Transgenic Animals:

1. GloFish: Genetically modified zebrafish with fluorescent genes.

2. Oncomouse: Carries an oncogene and is used in cancer research.

3. Dolly the Sheep: First cloned mammal, not transgenic but significant in genetic manipulation.

4. Pharming Animals: Produce pharmaceuticals in their milk, e.g., goats producing human antithrombin.

• Applications:

1. Biomedical Research: Used as disease models, e.g., mice for studying Alzheimer’s, cancer, or diabetes.

2. Drug Testing: Assess safety and efficacy of new drugs and treatments.

3. Agriculture: Create GM livestock for higher yields, disease resistance, or better quality products.

4. Bioreactors: Use transgenic animals to produce valuable proteins, hormones, or antibodies.

5. Conservation: Introduce genes into endangered species to enhance survival and reproduction.