| Nucleus | Contains genetic material (DNA), controls cell activities. |
| Mitochondria | Generates ATP through cellular respiration (energy production). |
| Chloroplasts | Site of photosynthesis, where plants produce sugars using light energy. |
| Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER) | Rough ER: Synthesizes and processes proteins. Smooth ER: Lipid synthesis and detoxification. |
| Golgi Apparatus | Modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport. |
| Lysosomes | Contains enzymes for intracellular digestion and waste removal. |
| Peroxisomes | Breaks down fatty acids and detoxifies harmful substances. |
| Ribosomes | Protein synthesis by reading mRNA and assembling amino acids. |
| Vacuoles | Store water, ions, nutrients, and waste products in plant cells. |
| Cilia and Flagella | Hair-like structures for cell movement or moving substances along the cell surface. |
| Centrioles | Organize microtubules during cell division. |
| Cell Membrane | Controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell. |
| Cell Wall (in plants) | Provides structural support and protection for plant cells. |
| Nucleolus | Produces ribosomes. |
BETA
