Concepts and formula to Remember

Types of carbohydrate

Type of CarbohydrateDescriptionExamples
MonosaccharidesSimplest carbohydrates with one sugar unitGlucose, Fructose, Galactose
DisaccharidesComposed of two monosaccharide units linked togetherSucrose (Glucose + Fructose), Lactose (Glucose + Galactose), Maltose (Glucose + Glucose)
OligosaccharidesContain a small number (3 to 10) of monosaccharide units linked togetherComponents of glycoproteins and glycolipids
PolysaccharidesLarge, complex carbohydrates composed of numerous monosaccharide unitsStarch (in plants), Glycogen (in animals), Cellulose (in plant cell walls), Chitin (in exoskeletons and fungal cell walls)
HexosesMonosaccharides with six carbon atomsGlucose, Fructose, Galactose
PentosesMonosaccharides with five carbon atomsRibose, Deoxyribose (found in nucleic acids)
TriosesMonosaccharides with three carbon atomsGlyceraldehyde


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