Concepts and formula to Remember

Types of Lipids

Type of LipidCompositionFunction
TriglyceridesGlycerol + 3 Fatty Acid ChainsEnergy Storage
PhospholipidsGlycerol + 2 Fatty Acid Chains + Phosphate GroupCell Membrane Structure
SteroidsDiverse structures including cholesterol and hormonesMembrane Structure, Signaling
WaxesLong-chain Fatty Acids + Long-chain AlcoholsWaterproofing (Plants and Animals)

Nitrogenous Bases and Nucleic Acids

ConceptDescription
Nitrogenous BasesBuilding blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Nucleic AcidsEssential for the storage and transmission of genetic information.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid)Contains genetic instructions for development, functioning, and reproduction.
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid)Plays a key role in protein synthesis. Replaces thymine (T) with uracil (U) compared to DNA.
DNA Base PairsAdenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) in DNA, and Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U) in RNA.
Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G) in both DNA and RNA.


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