| Pineal Gland | Produces melatonin, regulating sleep-wake cycles. | Near the center of the brain. | Influences circadian rhythms and seasonal cycles. |
| Thyroid Gland | Produces thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), regulating metabolism. | In the neck, below the Adam’s apple. | Essential for energy regulation and metabolic rate. |
| Parathyroid Gland | Produces parathyroid hormone (PTH), regulating calcium levels. | Behind the thyroid gland. | Crucial for bone health, muscle function, and nerve signaling. |
| Thymus | Maturation of T-cells for immune function. | In the chest, behind the sternum. | Key in developing a strong immune system, especially in childhood. |
| Adrenal Glands | Produce cortisol, aldosterone, and adrenal androgens. | Above the kidneys. | Vital for stress response, metabolism, and electrolyte balance. |
| Pancreas | Produces insulin, glucagon, and digestive enzymes. | Behind the stomach. | Essential in metabolism, digestion, and blood sugar regulation. |
| Gonads | Produce sex hormones and gametes. (Testosterone in males, estrogen and progesterone in females) | Testes (male), ovaries (female). | Crucial for sexual development, reproductive function, and secondary sexual characteristics. |
BETA
