Human-Physiologyneural-Control-And-Coordination-2
The Human Neural System:
Complex network of specialized cells.
Controls and coordinates bodily functions.
Responds to various stimuli.
Maintains internal balance.
The Midbrain:
Part of the brainstem.
Involved in sensory processing, especially visual and auditory.
Role in motor control and regulation of sleep-wake cycles.
Reflex Action and the Reflex Arc:
Rapid, involuntary responses to stimuli.
Involves sensory receptor, sensory neuron, interneuron, motor neuron, and effector organ.
Allows quick responses without conscious thought.
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS):
Outside the central nervous system (CNS).
Transmits sensory information to the CNS.
Carries motor signals from the CNS to effectors.
Communication network.
Autonomic Neural System (ANS):
Involuntary physiological processes.
Regulates heart rate, digestion, and more.
Sympathetic and parasympathetic divisions for balance.
Central Neural System (CNS):
Brain and spinal cord.
Central control center.
Processes sensory information.
Initiates motor responses.
Role in cognition, emotion, and consciousness.
Formation of the CNS:
Originates from a neural tube during embryonic development.
Complex folding and differentiation.
Differentiation of neural stem cells into neurons and glial cells.
Protection of the Brain:
Encased in the bony skull.
Surrounded by cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) for cushioning.
Meninges cover the brain and spinal cord.
Forebrain:
Largest and most complex part of the brain.
Includes thalamus, hypothalamus, and cerebral cortex.
Responsible for higher cognitive functions, sensory processing, and physiological regulation.
The Thalamus:
Acts as a relay station for sensory information.
Directs signals to the cerebral cortex for processing.
Important for consciousness and sensory perception.
The Cerebral Cortex:
Outermost layer of the brain.
Responsible for reasoning, language, memory, and voluntary muscle movement.
Highly folded for increased surface area.
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