ANIMAL KINGDOM PART

• Types of animals: Vertebrates and invertebrates

• Major phyla of animals:

  • Porifera (sponges)
  • Cnidaria (jellyfish, corals, sea anemones)
  • Platyhelminthes (flatworms)
  • Nematoda (roundworms)
  • Annelida (segmented worms)
  • Mollusca (clams, snails, octopuses)
  • Arthropoda (insects, spiders, crustaceans)
  • Echinoderm (starfish, sea urchins, sea cucumbers)
  • Chordata (fish, amphibians, reptiles, birds, mammals)

• Characteristics of each phylum:

  • Porifera:
    • Multicellular, but not organized into tissues or organs
    • Filter feeders that obtain nutrients from the water
  • Cnidaria:
    • Multicellular, with radial symmetry
    • Possess stinging cells called nematocysts
    • Aquatic, mostly marine
  • Platyhelminthes:
    • Bilaterally symmetrical, flattened worms
    • Lack body cavity
    • Parasitic or free-living
  • Nematoda:
    • Bilaterally symmetrical, round worms
    • Lack body cavity
    • Parasitic or free-living
  • Annelida:
    • Bilaterally symmetrical, segmented worms
    • Possess a true body cavity called a coelom
    • Terrestrial or aquatic
  • Mollusca:
    • Bilaterally symmetrical, soft-bodied animals
    • Possess a mantle and a visceral mass
    • Marine, freshwater, or terrestrial
  • Arthropoda:
    • Bilaterally symmetrical, segmented animals
    • Possess jointed appendages and an exoskeleton
    • Terrestrial, aquatic, or aerial
  • Echinoderm:
    • Bilaterally symmetrical as larvae, but radially symmetrical as adults
    • Possess a water vascular system
    • Marine
  • Chordata:
    • Bilaterally symmetrical, with a dorsal nerve cord and notochord
    • Possess a true body cavity called a coelom
    • Aquatic or terrestrial

• Examples of animals from each phylum:

  • Porifera:
    • Sponge
  • Cnidaria:
    • Jellyfish
    • Coral
    • Sea anemone
  • Platyhelminthes:
    • Planarian
    • Tapeworm
    • Fluke
  • Nematoda:
    • Roundworm
    • Hookworm
    • Pinworm
  • Annelida:
    • Earthworm
    • Leech
    • Clam worm
  • Mollusca:
    • Clam
    • Snail
    • Octopus
  • Arthropoda:
    • Insect
    • Spider
    • Crustacean
  • Echinoderm:
    • Starfish
    • Sea urchin
    • Sea cucumber
  • Chordata:
    • Fish
    • Amphibian
    • Reptile
    • Bird
    • Mammal

• Animal tissues:

  • Epithelial tissue
  • Connective tissue
  • Muscle tissue
  • Nervous tissue

• Organs and organ systems:

  • Digestive system
  • Circulatory system
  • Respiratory system
  • Excretory system
  • Endocrine system
  • Reproductive system
  • Nervous system
  • Musculoskeletal system

• Animal nutrition:

  • Autotrophic nutrition
  • Heterotrophic nutrition

• Animal reproduction:

  • Asexual reproduction
  • Sexual reproduction

• Animal locomotion:

  • Walking
  • Running
  • Flying
  • Swimming
  • Climbing

• Animal behavior:

  • Innate behavior
  • Learned behavior

• Animal adaptations:

  • Structural adaptation
  • Physiological adaptation
  • Behavioral adaptation

• Animal classification:

  • Binomial nomenclature
  • Taxonomic hierarchy

• Animal evolution:

  • Natural selection
  • Genetic variation
  • Extinction

• Economic importance of animals:

  • Food
  • Medicine
  • Transportation
  • Pets
  • Research
  • Recreation