Application Of Biotechnology In Medicine

Recombinant DNA technology

  • Gene cloning and expression:
  • Restriction enzymes and DNA ligase
  • Plasmids
  • Used as vectors

Production of therapeutic proteins:

  • Insulin, HGH, Interferons, Monoclonal antibodies

Gene Therapy:

  • Gene augmentation, Gene replacement therapy
  • CRISPR-Cas

Stem cell therapy

  • Embryonic stem cells
  • Adult stem cells
  • Induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs)
  • Potential applications in regenerative medicine

Tissue engineering:

  • Growing tissues and organs in the lab
  • Biomaterials and scaffolds

Diagnostics

  • DNA fingerprinting
  • Gene probes and microarrays
  • Biosensors and disease diagnosis

Pharmacogenomics

  • Genes affect drug responses
  • Personalized medicine and targeted therapies

Agricultural applications of biotechnology

  • Genetically modified crops
  • Pest-resistant plants, Herbicide-resistant plants
  • Biofortified crops

Environmental applications of biotechnology:

  • Bioremediation, Biofertilizers
  • Biofuels, Phytoremediation

Ethical and societal issues in biotechnology

  • GMOs, Designer babies, Access to healthcare


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