Chemistry Of Main Group Elements

Chemistry of Main Group Elements


Group 1: Alkali metals

  • Highly reactive
  • Low ionization energy
  • Forms 1+ ions Examples: Lithium (Li), Sodium (Na), Potassium (K)

Group 2: Alkaline earth metals

  • Less reactive than alkali metals
  • Higher ionization energy
  • Forms 2+ ions Examples: Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg), Strontium (Sr)

Group 13: Boron group

  • Covalent compounds
  • Electron deficient
  • Forms halides, hydrides, and oxides Examples: Boron (B), Aluminum (Al), Gallium (Ga)

Group 14: Carbon group

  • Tetravalent
  • Forms covalent compounds
  • Includes diamond, graphite, and silicon Examples: Carbon (C), Silicon (Si), Germanium (Ge)

Group 15: Nitrogen group

  • Pentavalent
  • Forms covalent compounds
  • Includes nitrogen, phosphorus, and arsenic Examples: Nitrogen (N), Phosphorus (P), Arsenic (As)

Group 16: Oxygen group

  • Hexavalent
  • Forms covalent and ionic compounds
  • Includes oxygen, sulfur, and selenium Examples: Oxygen (O), Sulfur (S), Selenium (Se)

Group 17: Halogens

  • Highly reactive
  • Low ionization energy
  • Forms 1- ions Examples: Fluorine (F), Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br)

Group 18: Noble gases

  • Unreactive
  • High ionization energy
  • Complete octet Examples: Helium (He), Neon (Ne), Argon (Ar)


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