Optics-General-Introduction-By-Prof-M-R-Shenoy

1 : Reflection and Refraction

• Laws of Reflection: Angle of Incidence ((i)) = Angle of Reflection ((r)), and incident ray, reflected ray, and normal lie in the same plane.
• Laws of Refraction (Snell’s Law): $$(n_1\sin\theta_1 = n_2\sin\theta_2).$$
• Critical Angle (θ_c): $$(\sin\theta_c = \frac{n_2}{n_1}).$$
• Refraction at Spherical Surfaces: Lens Maker’s Formula - $$\frac{1}{f} = (n_2 - n_1)\times(\frac{1}{R_1} - \frac{1}{R_2})$$

2 : Thin Lenses

• Lens Formula: $$(\frac{1}{f} = \frac{1}{v} - \frac{1}{u}).$$
• Magnification (M): $$(M = -\frac{v}{u}).$$

3 : Dispersion and Prisms

• Prism Angle and Deviation δ: Prism Formula - $$(\delta = A + \epsilon - \alpha).$$

4 : Lens Combinations

• Lens Combination Formula: $$(\frac{1}{f_{\text{effective}}} = \frac{1}{f_1} + \frac{1}{f_2}).$$

5 : Polarization

• Brewster’s Law: $$(\tan(\theta_B) = \mu).$$

6 : Interference and Diffraction

• Young’s Double Slit Experiment: Fringe Width $$((w)) - (w = \frac{\lambda D}{d}).$$