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- Genetics-And-Evolution-Evolution-3-P-11
- Previous Year JEE Exams Problems
- Previous Year JEE Exams Problems
- Previous Year JEE Exams Problems
- Previous Year JEE Exams Problems
Exemplar Problems
Question:
Differentiate the following and give examples of each:
Answer:
(a) Innate and acquired immunity:
Innate Immunity:
It is the natural defense mechanism that an organism is born with.
It provides immediate but non-specific protection against a wide range of pathogens.
Examples: Skin, mucous membranes, phagocytes, and natural killer cells.
Acquired Immunity (Adaptive Immunity):
It is acquired over time as a result of exposure to pathogens or through vaccination.
It is specific and provides long-lasting protection.
Examples: Antibodies, T cells, and immunological memory.
(b) Active and passive immunity:
Active Immunity:
It is developed by the host’s own immune system in response to exposure to antigens (pathogens or vaccines).
It results in the production of antibodies and memory cells.
Examples: Recovery from an infection or vaccination.
Passive Immunity:
It involves the transfer of pre-formed antibodies or immune cells from one individual to another.
It provides immediate but temporary protection.
Examples: Maternal antibodies passed to a newborn through breast milk, or administration of immune serum (e.g., antivenom).