SATHEE: Exemplar Problems

Biology Problems

Exemplar Problems

Question:

Discuss the role of comparative morphology and anatomy in understanding evolution. Provide examples of homologous and vestigial structures and their significance.

Answer:

Comparative morphology and anatomy are crucial tools in the study of evolution as they allow us to examine the physical structures and body plans of organisms. These have enhanced our understanding of evolution. The existence of both analogous and homologous structures serves as compelling evidence in support of the theory of evolution.

Homologous structures are those that share a common ancestry, and they provide strong evidence for evolution. An example is the pentadactyl limb, which is found in various vertebrates, including humans, cats, and whales. These species have different lifestyles and adaptations, but the similarity in limb structure suggests a shared evolutionary history.

Analogous structures are similar structures found in distinct organisms, contrasting with homologous structures. They exhibit identical functions; for instance, both insect and bird wings serve the purpose of flight. However, structurally, they differ. Bird wings share structural similarity with human hands, as opposed to insect wings. Convergent evolution arises from the existence of analogous structures

In summary, comparative morphology and anatomy help us uncover the relationships between different species and their evolutionary history by identifying both shared ancestral features (homologous structures) and remnants of traits from their past (vestigial structures). These observations contribute to the body of evidence supporting the theory of evolution.

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Biology Problems

Exemplar Problems

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Answer:

Table of Contents

Engineering Preparation

Medical Preparation

NCERT Books & Solutions

Important Resources

Other Resources

Syllabus

Mentorship

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