Exemplar Problems
Question 3
Discuss the composition and functions of the vertebrae in the human spine.
Solution: The human spine is composed of 33 vertebrae: 7 cervical, 12 thoracic, 5 lumbar, 5 sacral (fused), and 4 coccygeal (often fused). Each vertebra consists of a central body, a vertebral arch, and several processes for muscular and ligamentous attachments. The vertebrae protect the spinal cord, support the head and the body’s weight, provide attachment points for ribs and muscles, and enable flexible movement.
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