Exemplar Problems
Question:
Name the functions of the following:
(a) Corpus Luteum
(b) Endometrium
(c) Acrosome
(d) Sperm Tail (Flagellum)
(e) Fimbriae
Answer:
(a) The corpus luteum is formed from the remnants of the follicle after ovulation. Its primary function is to secrete hormones, mainly progesterone and some estrogen, which are critical for maintaining the lining of the uterus (endometrium) during the early stages of pregnancy. If fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates, leading to a decrease in hormone levels and the onset of menstruation.
(b) The endometrium is the inner lining of the uterus. Its primary function is to provide a suitable site for implantation of a fertilized egg (zygote) and to support its development. During the menstrual cycle, the endometrium undergoes changes in thickness and structure, preparing for potential pregnancy. If pregnancy does not occur, the endometrium is shed during menstruation.
(c) The acrosome is a cap-like structure covering the anterior part of a sperm’s head. It contains digestive enzymes, which are crucial during fertilization. These enzymes help the sperm penetrate the outer layers of the egg (oocyte), facilitating fertilization.
(d) The sperm tail, or flagellum, is responsible for motility. It enables the sperm to swim and navigate through the female reproductive tract to reach and fertilize the egg. The movement of the tail is powered by mitochondria located in the midpiece of the sperm.
(e) Fimbriae are finger-like projections at the end of the fallopian tubes, near the ovaries. Their primary function is to help guide the released egg from the ovary into the fallopian tube for potential fertilization. They do this by creating gentle currents in the fluid surrounding the ovary at the time of ovulation.
BETA
