Application of Biotechnology In Agriculture
Agricultural practices leading to Green Revolution
graph TD;
A[Agricultural practices leading to Green Revolution];
B[Use of High Yielding Variety (HYV) seeds];
C[Use of Chemical Fertilizers];
D[Irrigation];
E[Use of Pesticides];
F[Mechanization];
G[Land Reforms];
A-->B;
A-->C;
A-->D;
A-->E;
A-->F;
A-->G;
Biofertilizers vs. conventional chemical fertilizers
graph TB
B[Biofertilizers vs. Conventional Chemical Fertilizers]
BF[Biofertilizers]
CF[Conventional Chemical Fertilizers]
B --> BF
B --> CF
BF --> BF1[Environmentally Friendly]
BF --> BF2[Improves Soil Health]
BF --> BF3[Cost Effective]
CF --> CF1[Quick Results]
CF --> CF2[Easy to Use]
CF --> CF3[Can Cause Environmental Damage]
Microbes
graph TB
Microbes --> Bacteria
Microbes --> Viruses
Microbes --> Fungi
Microbes --> Protozoa
Bacteria --> GramPositive[Gram Positive]
Bacteria --> GramNegative[Gram Negative]
Viruses --> DNAViruses[DNA Viruses]
Viruses --> RNAViruses[RNA Viruses]
Fungi --> Yeasts
Fungi --> Molds
Protozoa --> Amoebas
Protozoa --> Flagellates
Phosphate Solubilizing Microbes
Golden Rice
graph TD;
A[Golden Rice] --> B[Genetically Modified Organism];
A --> C[Biofortification];
B --> D[Provitamin A];
D --> E[Beta-Carotene];
D --> F[Retinol];
C --> G[Malnutrition];
C --> H[Food Security];
G --> I[Vitamin A Deficiency];
I --> J[Blindness];
I --> K[Immune System];
Outline of the cloning steps
graph TB
A[Cloning Steps]
A --> B[Step 1: Isolation of DNA]
B --> C[Step 2: Insertion of DNA into a Vector]
C --> D[Step 3: Introduction of the Vector into a Host Organism]
D --> E[Step 4: Replication within the Host]
E --> F[Step 5: Identification of Hosts with the Right Insert]
F --> G[Step 6: Production and Harvesting]
Points for considration
graph TB
A[Points for consideration in Biology]
A --> B1[Point 1]
A --> B2[Point 2]
A --> B3[Point 3]
B1 --> C1[Sub-point 1.1]
B1 --> C2[Sub-point 1.2]
B2 --> D1[Sub-point 2.1]
B3 --> E1[Sub-point 3.1]
B3 --> E2[Sub-point 3.2]
Expression cassette
graph TD;
A[Expression Cassette] --> B((Promoter));
A --> C{Coding Sequence};
A --> D((Terminator));
B --> E[Specific Promoter];
C --> F[Gene of Interest];
C --> G[Marker Gene];
D --> H[Specific Terminator];
Process for agrobacterium-mediated tranformation of plants
graph TD;
A[Process for agrobacterium-mediated transformation of plants];
B[Step 1: Preparation of Agrobacterium];
C[Step 2: Infection];
D[Step 3: Co-cultivation];
E[Step 4: Selection];
F[Step 5: Regeneration];
G[Step 6: Verification];
A-->B;
B-->C;
C-->D;
D-->E;
E-->F;
F-->G;
Agrobacterium mediated transformation and tissue specific expression
graph TD;
A[Agrobacterium mediated transformation and tissue specific expression] --> B((Agrobacterium));
A --> C(Tissue Specific Expression);
B --> D{Transformation};
C --> E{Expression};
D --> F[Mediated];
E --> G[Specific];
BETA
