Tomorrow is Gopal’s favourite festival.

Gopal and Dhara are very excited. Their beloved Atya (father’s sister) is visiting them today. They have cleaned and decorated their house.

Carefully observe Gopal’s house.

What do you find interesting here?

………………………………………………………………………………..

Identify and count the number of each of these objects and write

Leave $ \bigcirc \quad\quad$ Glasses $ \bigcirc \quad\quad$ Pomegranate $ \bigcirc \quad\quad$ Flowers $ \bigcirc$

Celebration begins!

Dhara’s mother has bought some material for the festival.

Guess the festival they are preparing for

Let’s make Rakhis

$ \begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline \text{How many threads, flowers, and beads do } \\ What do they need? \hline \end{array} $

Dhara takes water

This can also be said as 5 times 1

or 5 × 1 = 5

For 5 Rakhis, we need 5 flowers.

Dhara takes water

or 5 multiplied by 2

or 5 × 2

For 5 Rakhis, we need ………….. threads.

or 5 multiplied by 4

or 5 × 4

For 5 Rakhis, we need 15 beads.

Try it Out!

For making 10 such Rakhis, we need ……… flowers, ……… threads and ……… beads.

There are 30 flowers, 30 threads and 30 beads. How many Rakhis can What can you make with this material? Use drawings if needed to find out the answer.

$ \begin{array}{|l|l|l|l|l|} \hline \` \hspace{30 mm} \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \\ \hline \end{array} \begin{array}{|l|} \hline \mathbf{\text{FUN ACTIVITY}} \\ \text{Try making a } \text{simple circuit} \\ \text{colourful Rakhi} \\ \text{at your home.} \\ \text{Show it in } \textbackslash\textbackslash\textbackslash{} \text{the class.} \\ \hline \end{array} $

How would we count the laddoos in this box?

3 + 3 + 3 = ……

or, three times three equals 9

or, 3 × 3 = ……

There are ______ laddoos in this box.

9 + 9 = 18

Two times nine equals 18.

2 × 9 = 18

There are 18 laddoos.

3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 + 3 = …… .

Or, 6 times 3 equals 18.

Or, 6 × 3 = 18

There are 18 laddoos.

$ \fbox{Can you help Dhara find this out?} $

Imagine yourself to be Dhara. Distribute 18 laddoos equally among nine of your friends.

Let’s see how Dhara has done it.

When 18 laddoos are shared equally among nine people, each of They get ………… laddoos.

18 equally shared by 9 is 2 each.

Or, 18 ÷ 9 = 2 laddoos

Try it Out!

Look at the figure carefully. Estimate the number of kaju katlis

Count and write the number of kaju katlis.

Total number of kaju katlis = ……..

Distribute all kaju katlis equally among 5 people. You can do it by drawing kaju katlet on the plates. How many will each get? Compare your work with Dhara’s work

$ \begin{array}{lll} & 2 & 0 \ \text{-}& & 5 \\ \hline \quad \\ \hline \end{array} $

$ \begin{array}{lll} & 2 & 0 \\ \text{-}& & 5 \\ \hline & 1 & 5 \ \text{-} & & 5 \\ \hline &1 & 0 \ \hline \end{array} $

$ \begin{array}{lll} & 2 & 0 \\ \text{-}& & 5 \\ \hline & 1 & 5 \ \text{-} & & 5 \\ \hline &1 & 0 \ \text{-} & & 5 \\ \hline & & 5 \\ \hline \end{array} $

$ \begin{array}{lll} & 2 & 0 \ \text{-}& & 5 \\ \hline & 1 & 5 \ \text{-} & & 5 \\ \hline &1 & 0 \\ \text{-} & & 5 \\ \hline & & 5 \\ \text{-} & & 5 \\ \hline & & 0 \\ \hline \end{array} $

20 equally shared by 5 is 4 each.

20 ÷ 5 = 4

Let us Do it

1. Distribute all the kaju katlis equally among 4 people.

How many kaju katlis will each get?

Let us do this based on the provided image below. Strike out the kaju kattis from the tray and draw them into the plates.

The first step has been done for you

$ \begin{array}{lll} & 1 & 6 \\ \text{-}& & 4 \\ \hline \quad \\ \hline \end{array} $

$ \begin{array}{lll} & 1 & 2 \ \text{-}& & \\ \hline \quad \\ \hline \end{array} $

$ \begin{array}{lll} & & 8 \\ \text{-}& & \\ \hline \quad \\ \hline \end{array} $

$ \begin{array}{lll} & & 4 \\ \text{-}& & \\ \hline \quad \\ \hline \end{array} $

Each will get …….. kaju kathis.

16 ÷ 4 = ……..

2. Distribute all the 15 pedas in plates equally among 5 people. How many pedas will each get?

Total pedes:

$ \begin{array}{lll} & 1 & 4 \ \text{-}& & 5 \\ \hline &&\` \text{-} & & \\ \hline &&\$ \text{-} & & \\ \hline & \\ \hline \end{array} $

15 equally shared by 5 is …….. each.

15 ÷ 5 = …….. .

Let us Think

Each cycle needs 2 wheels. How many cycles can be fitted with 10 wheels? 12 wheels?

12 equally divided by 2 is …….. .

12 ÷ 2 = ……..

2. Look at the picture carefully. Count the number of jalebis.

There are …….. jalebis.

How did you count? Discuss with your friends.

Counting in groups, we see there are six groups of four jalebis each,

or …….. × 4 = …….. jalebis.

Are there enough jalebis for everyone in Dhara’s family to have four each? Share your thoughts in the class.

How many jalebis should Dhara buy so that everyone can have one get four each?

Plants in the garden

Dhara and Gopal see a flower bed on their way home.

Dhara: The number of plants is not specified.

6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 + 6 = …..

8 times 6 =

= 8 × 6 =

Gopal: No, it is 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 8 + 8

= 6 × 8

Who is correct?

Different methods of grouping.

Can you complete this equal grouping? and write it as multiplication?

Can you find more equal groups of objects different sizes? Draw them and label as multiplication.

Visit to a Farm

Skip Jumping Game

In the evening, the family goes to the playing field.

Atya draws a curvy number track on the ground with chalk stick. She asks Dhara to write numbers starting from 0

Starting from 0, Dhara jumps to 3. From 3 she goes to 6. From 6 she goes to 9. Now continue to see how Dhara jumps after nine.

$ \hspace{15 mm} \mathbf{\text{Dhara is SKIP JUMPING BY 3}} $

$ \mathbf{\text{Number of jumps}} \hspace{5 mm}$ $ \mathbf{\text{Number reached}}$

1 jump $\hspace{20 mm}\rightarrow 3$

2 jumps $\hspace{20 mm}\rightarrow 3+3=6=2 \times 3$

3 jumps $\hspace{20 mm}\rightarrow 3+3+3=9=3 \times 3$

4 jumps $\hspace{20 mm}\rightarrow$

5 jumps $\hspace{20 mm}\rightarrow$

6 jumps $\hspace{20 mm}\rightarrow$

7 jumps $\hspace{20 mm}\rightarrow$ $\qquad$

8 jumps $\hspace{20 mm}\rightarrow$ $\qquad$

9 jumps $\hspace{20 mm}\rightarrow$ $\qquad$

10 jumps $\hspace{20 mm}\rightarrow$ $\qquad$

Let us Do it

1. Guess and write the next number she will jump onto.

……………………………………………………………………………………..

2. Is there a pattern in these numbers: 3, 6, 9, …?

3. How many steps forward is Dhara jumping each time?

4. Continue Skip Jumping by 6 by drawing the jumps on the line number tracks.

5. Can this skip jumping be used to form a times-6 table? Write times-6 table in your notebook.

6. Is there repeated addition happening? Make a times-4 table using repeated addition as shown in the picture below.

7.

Gopal is doing skip jumping of …………. steps.

After 27 he will jump on …………., …………..

8. What times table can you construct from Gopal’s jumps? Make a table Write it in your notebook.

Dhara also skips jumps. Gopal notes down the jumps but he misses the first few numbers.

$ \begin{array}{|l|} \hline \` \hline \end{array} $ $ \begin{array}{|l|} \hline \` \hline \end{array} $ $ \begin{array}{|l|} \hline \` \hline \end{array} $ 32 , 40, 48, 56

By what numbers was Dhara skip counting? Construct the times table of this number in your notebook.

Let us Play.

Atya places a flower on 12.

Skip jump with equal steps to reach the flower.

No direct jumping to the flower is allowed.

The one who reaches the flower first number of jumps wins.

What skip counting number will you choose? ……

Play this game with your friends by placing the flower on different numbers on the track. See who is able to reach the minimum number of jumps.

Are there numbers that can be reached only through skip jumping by 1? Find 3 such numbers.

Fun Ways of Writing Tables

Mithu discovers an alternative method for representing multiplication tables drawing sticks! Do you see repeated addition in this?

$ \begin{array}{|l|} \hline \text{Mithu had some sticks.} \\ \text{He arranged them like this:} \\ \text{He counted the red dots} \\ \text{illustrating the intersection of} \ \text{sticks.} \\ \hline \end{array} $

Let’s try making a 5 times table with sticks

1 times 5 = 5

2 times 5 = 10

3 times 5 = 15

$ \begin{array}{|l|} \hline 1 \times 5=5 \\ 2 \times 5=10 \\ 3 \times 5=15 \\ 4 \times 5= \\ 5 \times 5= \\ 6 \times 5= \\ 7 \times 5= \\ 8 \times 5= \\ 9 \times 5= \\ \hline \end{array} $

Complete the times-5 table using sticks

Make times-6 to times-10 tables using the sticks method as shown above.

Multiplication Tables

Seeing Patterns in Multiplication Tables

Look at the times-5 table. What patterns do you see?

Guess what will be the last digits of 11 × 5 and 12 × 5.

Give 3 examples of numbers that when taken 5 times gives a number answer ending with

(i) 0 ……. ……. …….

(ii) 5 ……. ……. …….

Without finding the answer, can you tell the last digits of 18 × 5? 23 × 5, 32 × 5, 50 × 5.

Look at the times tables of 2, 3, 5. They have a relationship between them. Can you see it?

Is there a relation between the two circled numbers and the boxe number? Does this happen for the next rows also?

Can you find other examples of two tables adding up to a third table?

Let us Do it

Draw pictures for each of the following problems in your notebook. notebook. Use counting, number line jumps, or any other A method to solve the problems.

a. There are 5 jars with 4 cookies in each jar. How many cookies are there in total? are there?

b. An idli vessel contains 6 idli plates. In each plate we can make idlis 4 idlis. How many idlis can be cooked in one go?

c. 30 cookies are to be distributed among 5 children equally. How many cookies will each child get?

d. Roro starts from 0 and takes 6 jumps to reach 18. All his jumps are of the same size. What is the size of Roro’s jump?

e. Toto does not take jumps of the same size and still reaches 18 in 6 jumps. How did Toto jump?

f. Suma saves ₹ 8 every day. After how many days will she have ₹ 56?

g. Mary has 63 sea shells. She gives 7 sea shells to each of her friends. 5 friends. How many does she have left?

2. Solve the following problems. Try constructing a word problem.

a. 4 × 9 $\quad$ b. 32 ÷ 8 $\quad$ c. 6 × 7 $\quad$ d. 45 ÷ 5

Help Bhim! Bhim will need …….. spokes.

Think and share with your friends how you found the answer. Let us see how Bhim did it.

10 wheels will be needed:

5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5 + 5

= 10 × 5 = …….. spokes.

Another 10 wheels will need …….. × …….. = …….. spokes.

So, the total number of spokes needed is …….. + …….. = …….. spokes.

Try these

30 × 5 = ……….

(Hint: You can find this by counting the spokes in 30 wheels.)

First 10 wheels will have 24 spokes

Next 10 wheels will have 24 spokes

Next 10 wheels will have 24 spokes

Total = …….. spokes

30 × 5 = …….. spokes

Finish the sentence.

40 × 5 = ………. $\quad$ 70 × 5 = ………. $\quad$ 100 × 5 = ……….

50 × 5 = ………. $\quad$ 80 × 5 = ……….

60 × 5 = ………. $\quad$ 90 × 5 = ……….

Dhara collected 45 spokes. How many wheels can she make?

Does Dhara have enough? spokes to make 10 wheels?

How many wheels can you make with 60 spokes?

Let us Do it

1. A spider has 8 legs.

5 spiders will have …….. legs.

10 spiders will have …….. legs.

15 spiders will have …….. legs.

2. How many legs will 23 spiders have? Have you?

3. A group of spiders have 32 legs. How many spiders are there? spiders are there in the group?

4. Here is a 3-wheeled auto rickshaw. How many wheels does it have? wheels are there in a vehicle

a. 18 auto rickshaws?

b. 34 auto rickshaws?

Auto rickshaws in a garage have a total of 36 wheels. How many auto rickshaws are there? auto rickshaws are there in the garage?

6. There is a line of 55 ants (one ant has 6 legs). What is the total number of legs in the line?

7. Micky, the mouse, can see 48 legs of cows in the shed. How How many cows are there in the shed?

8. Karry, the crow, can see 24 horns of cows in the shed. What is the total number of legs in the shed?

Let us Think

A frog is at 0. It takes jumps of only 7. What would be the position after the jump? largest number that the frog will reach before crossing 50?

A frog wants to jump backwards from 50. It continues to take steps jumps of 7. What is the number

What numbers should the frog start from to reach 0, taking steps of decreasing magnitude jumps of 7 each time? What do you observe?

Puri Beach

One wall-hanging costs ₹ 42. How much do they cost? What is the cost of two wall hangings?

Two wall hangings cost ₹ 42 + ₹ 42 = 2 × ₹ 42

The cost of the two wall hangings: $120.00

2. One Rabdi cup costs ₹ 75. Preeti buys 5 cups of Rabdi. She has her mother’s purse, which has only ₹100 notes.

How many ₹ 100 notes should she give the person shopkeeper? How much will the shopkeeper charge? then return to Preeti?

What is the total cost of 5 cups of Rabdi?

Sea Shells

Dhruv lives near the sea. He thought of making a necklace for each of his three friends. He looked for sea-shells the whole day. He collected 112 sea-shells by the evening. Now, he had many different coloured and shiny shells.

He took 28 shells for one necklace.

112 – 28 = 84

Now he was left with 84 shells. Again he took 28 more shells for the second necklace.

• How many shells are left now?

• Then he took shells for the third necklace.

• So he was left with ……….. shells.

• Are the shells enough for making necklaces for all his friends? ………..

• How many necklaces can Dhruv make from 112 shells?

Try these

1. Kannu makes a necklace of 17 sea-shells. How many such necklaces can be made using 100 sea-shells?

2. While searching for sea-shells, Dhruv also finds 127 shiny pebbles. He distributes them equally to his 3 friends. How many does each friend get? How many will each get?

3. Preeti has a ₹ 500 note and wants to exchange it for lower denomination notes. How many notes will she receive if she wants—

(i) All 50 rupees notes?

(ii) All 20 rupees notes?

(iii) All 10 rupees notes?

Teacher’s Note: Encourage children to solve questions based on division with large numbers, for which they do not know multiplication tables tables, using repeated subtraction. More problems based on real-life scenarios context can be given

Let us Explore.

There are ten number cards from 1–10. There are five sealed envelopes. envelopes. Each has two cards. On the top of each envelope the multiplication of the numbers contained in it is performed.

The 5th envelope contains the cards 5 and 9. The number 5 × 9 = 45 is written on the envelope.

Identify the number cards inside each of the envelopes.