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Chemistry 12 Chemistry 12
UNIT I: SOLUTIONS
- Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both)
- van’t Hoff factor and its significance
UNIT II: ELECTROCHEMISTRY
UNIT III: CHEMICAL KINETICS
- collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation)
UNIT IV: SURFACE CHEMISTRY
- Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption
- factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids
- catalysts
- homogenous and heterogenous activity and selectivity; enzyme catalysts colloidal state distinction between true solutions,colloids and suspension; lyophilic
- lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids; properties of colloids; Tyndall effect
- Brownian movement
- electrophoresis
- coagulation
- emulsion - types of emulsions
UNIT V: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
- Principles and methods of extraction - concentration
- oxidation
- reduction - electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extractionof aluminium
- copper
- zinc and iron
UNIT VI: p - BLOCK ELEMENTS
- Group 16 Elements: General introduction
- electronic configuration
- oxidation states
- occurrence
- trends in physical and chemical properties
- dioxygen: Preparation
- Properties and uses
- classification of oxides
- Ozone
- Sulphur 0 allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur: Preparation properties and uses of sulphur - dioxide
- sulphuric acid: industrial process of manufacture
- properties and uses; oxoacids of sulphur (Structures only)
- Group 17 Elements: General introduction
- electronic configuration
- oxidation states
- occurrence
- trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens
- Preparation properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid,interhalogen compounds
- oxoacids of halogens (structure only)
- Group 18 Elements: General introduction,electronic configuration
- occurrence
- trends in physical and chemical properties
- uses
UNIT VII: d - and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS
- complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation
- Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences
- Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences
- Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lathanoids
UNIT VIII: COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
UNIT X: ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS
- General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
UNIT XI: ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
- General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
UNIT XII: ORGANIC COMPUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN
- General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses
- Cyanide and Isocyanides-will be mentioned at relevant places in context
UNIT XIII: BIOMOLECULES
- polysaccharides(starch, cellulose, glycogem) importance
- denaturation of proteins
- hormones-Elementary idea excluding structure
- Hormones (General introduction)
UNIT XIV: POLYMERS
- Classification-Natural and synthetic methods of polymerization (addition and condensation) co polymerization
- some important polymers
- natural and synthetic like polythene
- nylon
- polyester
- bakelite
- rubber
- Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers
UNIT XV: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
- Chemical in Medicines- Angesics
- traqulizers antiseptics
- disinfectants
- antimicrobials
- antifertility
- drugs
- antibiotics
- antacids
- antihistamines
- Chemical in food-Preservations
- artificial sweetening agents
- elementary idea of antioxidants Clensing agents-Soap and detergents
- cleansing action
BETA
