UNIT II: Genetics and Evolution
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Principles of Inheritance and Variation
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Molecular Basis of Inheritance
UNIT III: Biology and Human Welfare
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Improvement in Food Resources
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Applications of Biotechnology in Medicine
UNIT IV: Biotechnology and Its Applications
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Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA Technology
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Applications in Medicine and Agriculture
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Bioinformatics and Molecular Diagnostics
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Ethical Issues in Biotechnology
UNIT V: Ecology and Environment
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Ecosystems: Structure and Function
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Biodiversity and Conservation
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Environmental Pollution and Management
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Natural Resources: Conservation and Sustainable Use