UNIT II: Genetics and Evolution
- Principles of Inheritance and Variation
- Molecular Basis of Inheritance
UNIT III: Biology and Human Welfare
- Improvement in Food Resources
- Applications of Biotechnology in Medicine
UNIT IV: Biotechnology and Its Applications
- Genetic Engineering and Recombinant DNA Technology
- Applications in Medicine and Agriculture
- Bioinformatics and Molecular Diagnostics
- Ethical Issues in Biotechnology
UNIT V: Ecology and Environment
- Ecosystems: Structure and Function
- Biodiversity and Conservation
- Environmental Pollution and Management
- Natural Resources: Conservation and Sustainable Use