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Chemistry 11 Chemistry 11
UNIT I: SOME BASIC CONCEPTS OF CHEMISTRY
- element and compound: Laws of chemical combination
- atomic and molecular masses
- mole concept
- molar mass
- percentage composition
- empirical and molecular formulae
- chemical equations and stoichiometry
UNIT II: STATES OF MATTER: GASES AND LIQUIDS
- Three states of matter
- Intermolecular interactions
- type of bonding
- Role of gas laws in elucidating the concept of the molecule
- Boyle’s law
- Charles law
- Gay Lussac’s law
- Ideal behaviour
- empirical derivation of gas equation
- Ideal gas equation
- Deviation from ideal behaviour
- liquefaction of gases
- Critical temperature
- Kinetic energy and molecular speeds (elementary idea) Liquid State – Vapour pressure
- viscosity and surface tension (qualitative idea only
- no mathematical derivations)
UNIT III: STRUCTURE OF ATOM
UNIT IV: PERIODIC TABLE
- Significance of classification
- brief history of the development of periodic table
- modern periodic law and present form of periodic table
- periodic trends in properties of elements atomic radii
- ionic radii
- Inert gas radii nomenclature of elements with atomic number greater than 100
- Enthalpy: Explanation and definition of term
- Ionization enthalpy
- electron gain enthalpy
- electronegativity
- valence
UNIT V: REDOX REACTIONS
UNIT VI:CHEMICAL EQUILIBRIUM
- Henry’s law
UNIT VII: SURFACE CHEMISTRY
- Adsorption – physisorption and chemisorption
- factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids
- catalysis: homogenous and heterogeneous
- activity and selectivity: enzyme catalysis
- colloidal state: distinction between true solutions
- colloids and suspensions
- Lyophilic
- Lyophobic
- multimolecular and macromolecular colloids
- properties of colloids
- Tyndall effect
- Brownian movement
- electrophoresis
- coagulation
- emulsion – types of emulsions
- Elementary idea of nanomaterials
UNIT VIII: NATURE OF CHEMICAL BOND
- Valence electrons
- ionic bond
- Born Haber cycle: covalent bond parameters
- Lewis structure
- polar character of covalent bond
- covalent character of ionic bond
- valence bond theory
- geometry of covalent molecules
- VSEPR theory
- shapes of some simple molecules
- molecular orbital theory of homonuclear diatomic molecules (qualitative idea only)
- hydrogen bond
UNIT IX: HYDROGEN
- Position of hydrogen in periodic table
- occurrence
- isotopes
- preparation
- properties and uses of hydrogen
- hydridesionic
- covalent and interstitial
- physical and chemical properties of water
- heavy water
- Hydrogen peroxide- preparation
- properties and structure
- hydrogen as a fuel
- Uses of hydrogen peroxide
UNIT X: s-BLOCK ELEMENTS (ALKALI AND ALKALINE EARTH METALS)
- Group 1 and Group 2 elements : General introduction
- electronic configuration
- occurrence
- anomalous properties of the first element of each group
- diagonal relationship
- trends in the variation of properties (such as ionization enthalpy atomic and ionic radii)
- trends in chemical reactivity with oxygen water
- hydrogen and halogens; uses. Preparation and properties of some important compounds: Sodium carbonate
- sodium hydroxide and sodium hydrogen carbonate
- biological importance of sodium and potassium
- Calcium oxide and calcium carbonate and industrial uses of lime and limestone
- biological importance of Magnesium and Calcium
UNIT XI: p-BLOCK ELEMENTS
- Group Introduction to p-Block elements Group 13 elements: General introduction
- electronic configuration
- occurrence
- Variation of properties
- oxidation states
- trends in chemical reactivity
- anomalous properties of first element of the group
- Boronphysical and chemical properties
- some important compounds: borax
- boric acids
- boron hydrides
- Aluminium; uses
- reactions with acids and alkalies
- Group 14 elements: General introduction
- electronic configuration
- occurrence
- variation of properties
- oxidation states
- trends in chemical reactivity
- anomalous behavior of first element. Carbon – catenation
- allotropic forms
- physical and chemical properties; uses of some important compounds; oxides
- Important compounds of silicon and their uses: silicon tetrachloride
- silicones
- silicates and zeolites and structure of silicates
UNIT XII:BASIC PRINCIPLES AND TECHNIQUES IN ORGANIC CHEMISTRY
UNIT XIII: ALKANES
- Classification of hydrocarbons – Nomenclature
- isomerism
- conformations (ethane only)
- physical properties
- chemical reactions including free radical mechanism of halogenation
- combustion and pyrolysis
UNIT XIV: ALKENES
- Nomenclature
- structure of double bond (ethane)
- geometrical isomerism
- physical properties
- methods of preparation. Chemical reactions; addition of hydrogen
- halogen water
- hydrogen halides (Markovnikoff’s addition and peroxide effect) ozonolysis
- oxidation
- mechanism of electrophilic addition
UNIT XV: ALKYNES
- Nomenclature
- structure of triple bond (ethylene)
- physical properties. Methods of preparation
- chemical reactions: acidic character of alkynes
- addition reaction of – hydrogen
- halogens
- hydrogen halides
- Water
UNIT XVI: AROMATIC COMPOUNDS
- Introduction
- IUPAC nomenclature
- benzene
- resonance aromaticity
- chemical properties
- mechanism of electrophilic substitution. – nitration
- sulphonaiton
- halogenation
- Friedel Craft alkylation and acylation
- Carcinogenicity and toxicity
UNIT XVII: Environmental chemistry
- Environmental pollution- air
- water and soil pollution
- chemical reactions in atmosphere
- smog
- major atmospheric pollutants
- acid rain
- ozone and its reactions
- effects of depletion of ozone layer
- green house effect and global warming
- Pollution due to industrial wastes
- green chemistry as an alternative tool for reducing pollution
- strategy for control of environmental pollution
BETA
