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Chemistry 12 Chemistry 12
UNIT I: SOLID STATE
- Classification of solids based on different forces; molecular
- ionic
- covalent and metallic solids
- amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea)
- unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices
- calculation of density of unit cell
- packing in solids
- voids
- number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell
- point defects
- electrical and magnetic properties
- Band theory of metals
- conductors and semiconductors and insulators and n and p type semiconductors
UNIT II: SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES
- Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality
- molarity
- mole fraction
- percentage (by volume and mass both)
- van’t Hoff factor and its significance
UNIT III: CHEMICAL THERMODYNAMICS AND ENERGETIC
- third law of thermodynamics
UNIT IV: ELECTROCHEMISTRY
UNIT V: CHEMICAL KINETICS
- collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation)
UNIT VI: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
- Principles and methods of extraction – concentration
- oxidation
- reduction electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principle of extraction of aluminium
- copper
- zinc and iron
UNIT VII: p-BLOCK ELEMENTS
- Group 15 elements: General introduction
- electronic configuration
- occurrence
- oxidation states
- trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen – preparation
- properties and uses; compounds of nitrogen; preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid
- oxides of nitrogen (structure only); Phoshorous-allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorous; preparation and properties of phosphine
- halides (PCl 3 ,PCl 5 ) and oxoacids (elementary idea only)
- Group 16 elements: General introduction
- electronic configuration
- oxidation states
- occurrence
- trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen; preparation
- properties and uses; Classification of oxides
- simple oxides; Ozone. Sulphur – allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur; preparation
- properties and uses of sulphur dioxide; sulphurc acid; industrial process of manufacture
- properties and uses
- oxoacids of sulphur (structures only)
- Group 17 elements: General introduction
- electronic configuration
- oxidation states
- occurrence
- trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens; preparation
- properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid
- interhalogen compounds
- oxoacids of halogens (structure only). Group 18 elements: General introduction
- electronic configuration. Occurrence
- trends in physical and chemical properties, uses
UNIT VIII: d - and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS
- d-Block Elements
- complex formation
- interstitial compounds
- alloy formation
- f-Block elements- Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration
- oxidation states
- chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences. Actinoids – Electronic configuration
- oxidation states. Comparison with lanthanoids
UNIT IX: COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
UNIT X: HALOGEN DERIVATIVES OF ALKANES (AND ARENES)
UNIT XI: ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS
- General methods of preparation
- properties, reactions, and uses
- Nomenclature
- methods of preparation
- physical and chemical properties, uses
UNIT XII: ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
- General methods of preparation
- properties, reactions, and uses
UNIT XIII: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN
- General methods of preparation. Properties
- reactions and uses
UNIT XIV: BIOMOLECULES
- denaturation of proteins
- Hormones (General introduction)
UNIT XV: POLYMERS
- Classification - natural and synthetic, methods of polymerization (addition and condensation), copolymerization
- Some important polymers; natural and synthetic like polythene, nylon, polyesters, bakelite, and rubber
- Biodegradable and non biodegradable polymers
UNIT XVI: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
- Chemicals in medicines : analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines elementary idea of antioxidants
- Chemicals in food : Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents
- Cleansing agents : Soaps and detergents, cleansing action
BETA
