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Chemistry 12 Chemistry 12
UNIT I: SOLID STATE
- Classification of solids based on different binding forces: molecular, ionic, covalent and metallic solids, amorphous and crystalline solids (elementary idea)
- Unit cell in two dimensional and three dimensional lattices
- calculation of density of unit cell
- packing in solids
- packing efficiency, voids, number of atoms per unit cell in a cubic unit cell
- point defects, electrical and magnetic properties
- Band theory of metals, conductors, semiconductors and insulators and n & p type semiconductors
UNIT II: SOLUTIONS
- Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality, molarity, mole fraction, percentage (by volume and mass both)
- van’t Hoff factor and its significance
UNIT III: ELECTROCHEMISTRY
UNIT IV: CHEMICAL KINETICS
- collision theory of bimolecular gaseous reactions (no derivation)
UNIT V: SURFACE CHEMISTRY
- Adsorption - physisorption and chemisorption
- factors affecting adsorption of gases on solids
- catalysts
- homogenous and heterogenous activity and selectivity
- enzyme catalysts colloidal state distinction between true solutions,colloids and suspension; lyophilic, lyophobic multimolecular and macromolecular colloids
- properties of colloids; Tyndall effect, Brownian movement, electrophoresis, coagulation
- emulsion - types of emulsions
UNIT VI: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
- Principles and methods of extraction - concentration, oxidation
- reduction - electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principles of extractionof aluminium, copper, zinc and iron
UNIT VII: p - BLOCK ELEMENTS
- Group15 Elements: General introduction
- electronic configuration
- occurrence
- oxidation states
- trends in physical and chemical properties
- nitrogen preparation properties & uses
- compounds of nitrogen
- preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid
- oxides of nitrogen (Structure only)
- Phosphorus - allotropic forms
- compounds of phosphorus: preparation and properties of phosphine, halides PCl3 , PCl5 and oxoacids (elementary idea only)
- Group 16 Elements: General introduction
- electronic configuration
- oxidation states
- occurrence
- trends in physical and chemical properties
- dioxygen: Preparation, Properties and uses
- classification of oxides, Ozone, Sulphur 0 allotropic forms
- compounds of sulphur: Preparation properties and uses of sulphur - dioxide
- sulphuric acid: industrial process of manufacture
- properties and uses; oxoacids of sulphur (Structures only)
- Group 17 Elements: General introduction, electronic configuration, oxidation states, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties
- compounds of halogens
- Preparation properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid,interhalogen compounds, oxoacids of halogens (structure only)
- Group 18 Elements: General introduction,electronic configuration, occurrence, trends in physical and chemical properties, uses
UNIT VIII: d - and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS
- complex formation, interstitial compounds, alloy formation
- Lanthanoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences
- Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states, chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences
- Actinoids - Electronic configuration, oxidation states and comparison with lathanoids
UNIT IX: COORDINATION COMPOUNDS
UNIT XI: ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS
- General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
UNIT XII: ALDEHYDES, KETONES AND CARBOXYLIC ACIDS
- General methods of preparation, properties, reactions, and uses
UNIT XIII: ORGANIC COMPUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN
- General methods of preparation. Properties, reactions, and uses
- Cyanide and Isocyanides-will be mentioned at relevant places in context
UNIT XIV: BIOMOLECULES
- denaturation of proteins
- Hormones-Elementary idea excluding structure
- Hormones (General introduction)
UNIT XV: POLYMERS
- Classification-Natural and synthetic methods of polymerization (addition and condensation) co polymerization
- some important polymers
- natural and synthetic like polythene
- nylon
- polyester
- bakelite
- rubber
- Biodegradable and non-biodegradable polymers
UNIT XVI: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
- Chemical in Medicines- Angesics, traqulizers antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility, drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines
- Chemical in food-Preservations, artificial sweetening agents, elementary idea of antioxidants Clensing agents-Soap and detergents, cleansing action
BETA
