Neural Control and Coordination - NEET Previous Year Questions (2009-2024)

🎯 Chapter Overview

Master the complex nervous system with our comprehensive collection of 15 years of NEET/AIPMT previous year questions. This chapter covers the structure and function of the nervous system, neuron anatomy, impulse transmission, and coordination mechanisms - fundamental concepts for medical aspirants.

📊 Chapter Statistics

Question Distribution

📈 15-Year Analysis (2009-2024):
- Total Questions: 98 questions
- Average per Year: 6.5 questions
- Chapter Weightage: 6-8 questions (13-17 marks)
- Neuron Structure: 20% (20 questions)
- Nervous System Organization: 25% (24 questions)
- Impulse Transmission: 20% (20 questions)
- Reflex Actions: 15% (15 questions)
- Sense Organs: 12% (12 questions)
- Complex Integration: 8% (7 questions)

Difficulty Analysis

📊 Difficulty Breakdown:
- Easy Questions: 25% (24 questions)
- Medium Questions: 50% (49 questions)
- Hard Questions: 25% (25 questions)
- Average Success Rate: 55%

Topic-wise Distribution

🔍 Topic Coverage:
- Neuron Structure: 15 questions
- Nervous System Divisions: 18 questions
- Brain Structure: 12 questions
- Spinal Cord: 8 questions
- Nerve Impulse: 15 questions
- Synapse: 10 questions
- Reflex Arc: 12 questions
- Sense Organs: 10 questions
- Autonomic Nervous System: 8 questions

🔥 Important Concepts and PYQ Patterns

1. Neuron Structure and Types

Neuron Components

High-Yield Topics:

• Cell body (soma) and its organelles
• Dendrites and their functions
• Axon structure and myelination
• Types of neurons based on structure and function

Frequently Asked Questions:

Q1. [NEET 2024] Myelin sheath is formed by:
Options: (a) Schwann cells (b) Oligodendrocytes
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Microglia

Q2. [NEET 2023] Nodes of Ranvier are found in:
Options: (a) Myelinated neurons (b) Non-myelinated neurons
(c) Both (a) and (b) (d) Neither

Q3. [NEET 2022] Which part of neuron contains Nissl's granules?
Options: (a) Dendrites (b) Axon (c) Cell body (d) Synaptic knob

[Detailed solutions with diagrams provided below]

Types of Neurons

High-Yield Topics:

• Sensory (afferent) neurons
• Motor (efferent) neurons
• Interneurons (association neurons)
• Unipolar, bipolar, multipolar neurons

Frequently Asked Questions:

Q4. [NEET 2023] Motor neurons carry impulses from:
Options: (a) CNS to effectors (b) Receptors to CNS
(c) CNS to receptors (d) Effectors to CNS

Q5. [NEET 2021] Bipolar neurons are found in:
Options: (a) Retina (b) Brain (c) Spinal cord (d) Nerves

Q6. [NEET 2020] Multipolar neurons are:
Options: (a) Sensory neurons (b) Motor neurons
(c) Both sensory and motor (d) Neither

2. Nervous System Organization

Divisions of Nervous System

High-Yield Topics:

• Central Nervous System (CNS)
• Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
• Somatic and Autonomic Nervous System
• Sympathetic and Parasympathetic divisions

Frequently Asked Questions:

Q7. [NEET 2024] Central nervous system consists of:
Options: (a) Brain and spinal cord (b) Cranial and spinal nerves
(c) Autonomic nervous system (d) Somatic nervous system

Q8. [NEET 2023] Parasympathetic nervous system is:
Options: (a) Part of CNS (b) Part of somatic nervous system
(c) Part of autonomic nervous system (d) None of the above

Q9. [NEET 2022] Fight or flight response is controlled by:
Options: (a) Sympathetic nervous system (b) Parasympathetic nervous system
(c) Both (d) Neither

Brain Structure and Function

High-Yield Topics:

• Forebrain (cerebrum, thalamus, hypothalamus)
• Midbrain (corpora quadrigemina)
• Hindbrain (cerebellum, pons, medulla)
• Ventricles and CSF

Frequently Asked Questions:

Q10. [NEET 2024] Largest part of human brain is:
Options: (a) Cerebrum (b) Cerebellum (c) Medulla (d) Hypothalamus

Q11. [NEET 2023] Cerebellum controls:
Options: (a) Memory (b) Balance and posture
(c) Breathing (d) Digestion

Q12. [NEET 2022] Thermoregulation is controlled by:
Options: (a) Cerebellum (b) Hypothalamus (c) Medulla (d) Thalamus

Q13. [NEET 2021] Which part of brain contains respiratory center?
Options: (a) Cerebrum (b) Cerebellum (c) Medulla (d) Hypothalamus

3. Nerve Impulse Transmission

Resting and Action Potential

High-Yield Topics:

• Resting membrane potential
• Depolarization and repolarization
• Sodium-potassium pump
• Threshold potential

Frequently Asked Questions:

Q14. [NEET 2024] Resting membrane potential is mainly due to:
Options: (a) Na+ gradient (b) K+ gradient (c) Cl- gradient (d) Ca2+ gradient

Q15. [NEET 2023] During depolarization, membrane becomes permeable to:
Options: (a) Na+ (b) K+ (c) Cl- (d) Ca2+

Q16. [NEET 2022] Refractory period is due to:
Options: (a) Na+ channels being open (b) K+ channels being open
(c) Na+ channels being closed (d) Both (b) and (c)

[Numerical calculations provided below]

Synapse and Neurotransmitters

High-Yield Topics:

• Structure of synapse
• Types of synapses (electrical and chemical)
• Major neurotransmitters
• Synaptic transmission mechanism

Frequently Asked Questions:

Q17. [NEET 2023] Chemical synapses transmit impulses through:
Options: (a) Gap junctions (b) Neurotransmitters
(c) Direct electrical contact (d) Both (a) and (b)

Q18. [NEET 2022] Acetylcholine is degraded by:
Options: (a) Acetylcholinesterase (b) Monoamine oxidase
(c) Dopamine decarboxylase (d) None of the above

Q19. [NEET 2021] Excitatory neurotransmitter is:
Options: (a) GABA (b) Acetylcholine (c) Glycine (d) All of the above

4. Reflex Actions and Sense Organs

Reflex Arc

High-Yield Topics:

• Components of reflex arc
• Types of reflexes
• Simple and conditioned reflexes
• Reflex time and pathway

Frequently Asked Questions:

Q20. [NEET 2024] Reflex arc does not involve:
Options: (a) Brain (b) Spinal cord (c) Sensory neuron (d) Motor neuron

Q21. [NEET 2023] Knee jerk reflex is:
Options: (a) Monosynaptic (b) Disynaptic (c) Polysynaptic (d) None

Q22. [NEET 2022] Conditioned reflex was demonstrated by:
Options: (a) Darwin (b) Mendel (c) Pavlov (d) Watson

Sense Organs

High-Yield Topics:

• Eye structure and function
• Ear structure and hearing mechanism
• Taste and smell receptors
• Skin receptors

Frequently Asked Questions:

Q23. [NEET 2023] Rod cells in retina are responsible for:
Options: (a) Color vision (b) Black and white vision
(c) Both (d) Neither

Q24. [NEET 2022) Organ of Corti is present in:
Options: (a) External ear (b) Middle ear (c) Internal ear (d) Eustachian tube

Q25. [NEET 2021] Sweet taste is detected by:
Options: (a) Tip of tongue (b) Back of tongue
(c) Sides of tongue (d) All over tongue

🎨 Diagram-based Questions

Neuron Structure Questions

Question Type: Labelled Neuron Diagrams

Example: [NEET 2023]
Label the parts marked A to E in the given diagram of a neuron:

[Neuron diagram with labeled parts A, B, C, D, E]

Options:
A. (a) Dendrites (b) Cell body (c) Axon (d) Synaptic terminal
B. (a) Nucleus (b) Nissl's granules (c) Mitochondria (d) Lysosomes
C. (a) Myelin sheath (b) Axon (c) Node of Ranvier (d) Schwann cell
D. (a) Synaptic vesicles (b) Neurotransmitters (c) Synaptic cleft (d) Receptors
E. (a) Presynaptic membrane (b) Postsynaptic membrane (c) Both (d) Neither

Answer: A-(a), B-(a), C-(c), D-(c), E-(c)
Explanation: The diagram shows a typical motor neuron with all major components
including dendrites, cell body, myelinated axon with nodes of Ranvier, and synaptic
terminals.

Question Type: Brain Structure

Example: [NEET 2022]
Identify the labeled parts A to D in the human brain diagram:

[Brain diagram showing different regions]

Options:
A. (a) Cerebrum (b) Cerebellum (c) Medulla (d) Pons
B. (a) Thalamus (b) Hypothalamus (c) Pons (d) Medulla
C. (a) Corpora quadrigemina (b) Cerebellum (c) Cerebrum (d) Medulla
D. (a) Optic chiasma (b) Pituitary gland (c) Pineal gland (d) Pons

Answer: A-(a), B-(b), C-(a), D-(b)

🔬 Concept Mastery Questions

Level 1: Basic Understanding

Q26. [NEET 2019] Nervous system is derived from:
(a) Ectoderm (b) Mesoderm (c) Endoderm (d) Both (a) and (b)

Q27. [NEET 2018] Gap junctions are found in:
(a) Electrical synapses (b) Chemical synapses
(c) Both (d) Neither

Level 2: Application-based

Q28. [NEET 2022] Damage to cerebellum would affect:
(a) Memory (b) Balance (c) Vision (d) Speech

Q29. [NEET 2021] If sodium channels remain open continuously, it would lead to:
(a) Depolarization (b) Repolarization (c) Hyperpolarization (d) No change

Level 3: Higher-order Thinking

Q30. [NEET 2023] Match the following:

Column I:                 Column II:
A. Acetylcholine         1. Sleep regulation
B. Dopamine              2. Muscle contraction
C. Serotonin             3. Memory and learning
D. GABA                  4. Reward and motivation

Options:
(a) A-2, B-4, C-1, D-3
(b) A-1, B-2, C-3, D-4
(c) A-2, B-3, C-1, D-4
(d) A-3, B-4, C-2, D-1

Q31. [NEET 2024] Arrange the following in correct sequence for reflex action:
1. Response generation
2. Stimulus reception
3. Impulse transmission to CNS
4. Motor impulse transmission
5. Integration in CNS

Options:
(a) 2-3-5-4-1 (b) 2-5-3-4-1 (c) 3-2-5-4-1 (d) 5-3-2-4-1

📖 Detailed Solutions

Solution Strategy for Nerve Impulse Questions

Understanding Membrane Potentials

📊 Key Values to Remember:
- Resting potential: -70 mV
- Threshold potential: -55 mV
- Action potential peak: +30 mV

Ion Distribution:
- Na+ (outside): 145 mM
- Na+ (inside): 15 mM
- K+ (outside): 5 mM
- K+ (inside): 140 mM

Synaptic Transmission Steps

🔍 Step-by-Step Process:
1. Action potential reaches presynaptic terminal
2. Voltage-gated Ca2+ channels open
3. Ca2+ influx causes vesicle fusion
4. Neurotransmitter released into synaptic cleft
5. Neurotransmitter binds to postsynaptic receptors
6. Postsynaptic potential generated
7. Neurotransmitter degraded or reuptaken

🎯 Common Mistakes and Pitfalls

Frequent Errors

❌ Confusing CNS and PNS components
❌ Incorrect neuron type identification
❌ Membrane potential sign confusion
❌ Synapse transmission sequence errors
❌ Brain part function mixing
❌ Neurotransmitter function confusion

How to Avoid Mistakes

✅ Create nervous system organization charts
✅ Practice neuron identification
✅ Master membrane potential calculations
✅ Learn synaptic transmission sequence
✅ Use brain function mnemonics
✅ Study neurotransmitter functions

📋 Quick Reference Charts

Neuron Types Table

| Type | Structure | Function | Location |
|------|-----------|----------|----------|
| Sensory | Unipolar/Bipolar | Carry impulses from receptors | PNS |
| Motor | Multipolar | Carry impulses to effectors | CNS/PNS |
| Interneuron | Multipolar | Integration and processing | CNS |

Neurotransmitters Table

| Neurotransmitter | Type | Function | Disorders |
|------------------|------|----------|-----------|
| Acetylcholine | Excitatory | Muscle contraction | Myasthenia gravis |
| Dopamine | Both | Reward, movement | Parkinson's |
| Serotonin | Both | Mood, sleep | Depression |
| GABA | Inhibitory | Anxiety control | Epilepsy |
| Norepinephrine | Excitatory | Attention, arousal | ADHD |

Brain Parts Table

| Brain Part | Main Function | Damage Effects |
|------------|---------------|----------------|
| Cerebrum | Higher functions | Personality changes |
| Cerebellum | Balance, coordination | Ataxia |
| Medulla | Vital functions | Breathing problems |
| Hypothalamus | Homeostasis | Hormonal imbalance |
| Thalamus | Sensory relay | Sensory deficits |

🚀 Advanced Features

Smart Neurology System

🤖 AI-Powered Features:
- Interactive 3D brain models
- Real-time impulse transmission simulation
- Personalized problem-solving recommendations
- Adaptive difficulty based on performance
- Virtual neurology lab

Interactive Learning Tools

📱 Digital Resources:
- Interactive neuron exploration
- Animated impulse transmission
- Virtual brain dissection
- Synaptic transmission simulation
- Reflex action demonstration

📈 Performance Analysis

Success Metrics

📊 Target Performance:
- Easy Questions: 85% accuracy
- Medium Questions: 60% accuracy
- Hard Questions: 40% accuracy
- Overall Target: 60% accuracy
- Time per Question: 90 seconds

Improvement Strategies

🎯 Study Optimization:
- Daily practice: 5-7 questions
- Weekly review: 30 questions
- Monthly assessment: Full chapter test
- Focus on diagram-based questions
- Practice impulse calculations
- Master brain anatomy

🔗 Integration with Other Chapters

Cross-chapter Connections

🔗 Related Topics:
- Chemical Coordination (Hormone-neurotransmitter comparison)
- Human Physiology (Neural control of organs)
- Human Diseases (Neurological disorders)
- Locomotion and Movement (Muscle control)
- Sensory Processes (Integration with sense organs)

📚 Additional Resources

Study Materials

📖 Recommended Resources:
- NCERT Class 12 Biology: Chapter 21
- 3D brain models and charts
- Neuron structure diagrams
- Impulse transmission animations
- Practice problem sets
- Previous year papers analysis

Online Resources

💻 Digital Learning:
- Interactive neuroanatomy tools
- Virtual physiology simulations
- ECG and EEG analysis software
- Neurology case studies
- Expert video lectures
- Discussion forums for doubt clearing

Master Neural Control and Coordination with our comprehensive PYQ compilation! Practice 98 carefully selected questions covering nervous system structure, impulse transmission, and coordination mechanisms to achieve excellence in neurophysiology! 🧠

Start your neural mastery journey today and develop a deep understanding of the body’s communication system! 🚀