Concepts and formula to Remember

Types of Lipids

Type of Lipid Composition Function
Triglycerides Glycerol + 3 Fatty Acid Chains Energy Storage
Phospholipids Glycerol + 2 Fatty Acid Chains + Phosphate Group Cell Membrane Structure
Steroids Diverse structures including cholesterol and hormones Membrane Structure, Signaling
Waxes Long-chain Fatty Acids + Long-chain Alcohols Waterproofing (Plants and Animals)

Nitrogenous Bases and Nucleic Acids

Concept Description
Nitrogenous Bases Building blocks of nucleic acids (DNA and RNA).
Nucleic Acids Essential for the storage and transmission of genetic information.
DNA (Deoxyribonucleic Acid) Contains genetic instructions for development, functioning, and reproduction.
RNA (Ribonucleic Acid) Plays a key role in protein synthesis. Replaces thymine (T) with uracil (U) compared to DNA.
DNA Base Pairs Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T) in DNA, and Adenine (A) pairs with Uracil (U) in RNA.
Cytosine (C) pairs with Guanine (G) in both DNA and RNA.
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