Genetics & Evolution Concepts Summary & Evolution

(2016) * Q. The wing of a bat and the wing of a bird are homologous organs because they: (A) perform the same function (B) have similar embryonic origin (C) have similar structure (D) have a common ancestor

The correct answer is (D). Homologous organs are organs that have a common evolutionary origin, but may not have the same function. The wing of a bat and the wing of a bird are homologous organs because they both evolved from the same ancestral limb. However, the bat’s wing is used for flight, while the bird’s wing is used for flapping flight.

• Q. Which of the following is a characteristic feature of the process of natural selection? (A) Variation (B) Struggle for existence (C) Survival of the fittest (D) All of the above

The correct answer is (D). Natural selection is the process by which organisms that are better adapted to their environment are more likely to survive and reproduce. This process is driven by variation, which is the difference between individuals in a population. Variation can be caused by genetic mutation, genetic recombination, or environmental factors