• Atomic Radii:

-Increases down the group

• Ionization Energy:

• Decreases down the group.

• Electronegativity:

• Decreases down the group.

• Melting Point:

-Increases down the group

• Boiling Point:

• Increases down the group.

• Chemical Reactivity:

• Increases down the group.

---

CBSE Board Exams#

---

• Atomic Number and Electronic Configuration:

• Should be known.

• Physical Properties:

• Atomic radii, ionization energy, electronegativity, melting point, boiling point, and density.

• Chemical Properties:

• Oxidation states, reactivity with oxygen, hydrogen, and water; formation of halides, oxides, hydroxides, and sulfides.

• Application:

• Use in electronics, catalysis, and medicine.

---

Additional Information:#

---

• Group 13 elements are also known as the Boron group.

• Boron is the only nonmetal in the Group 13 elements.

• Aluminum is the most abundant Group 13 element in Earth’s crust.

• Gallium, Indium, and Thallium are relatively rare elements.

• Applications:

• Electronics: Boron (as a dopant in semiconductors), Gallium, Indium, and Thallium (in production of transistors and other electronic devices).

• Catalysis: Aluminum (as a catalyst in various chemical reactions).

• Medicine: Gallium (treatment of cancer), Indium (production of X-ray contrast agents), Thallium (treatment of thyroid cancer).