Shortcut Methods

Respiratory rate:

• Calculate the respiratory rate by counting the number of breaths a person takes in one minute.

Tidal volume:

• Use a spirometer to measure the volume of air inhaled or exhaled with each breath.

Vital Capacity:

• Use a spirometer to measure the vital capacity.
• Vital Capacity is Tidal volume x Respiratory rate.

---

FEV1:

• Use a spirometer to measure the forced expiratory volume in 1 second.

PaO2:

• Use a blood gas analyzer to measure the partial pressure of oxygen in arterial blood.

PaCO2:

• Use a blood gas analyzer to measure the partial pressure of carbon dioxide in arterial blood.

pH of Arterial Blood:

• Use a blood gas analyzer to measure the pH of arterial blood.

Cardiac Output:

• Calculate the cardiac output by multiplying the stroke volume by the heart rate.

Stroke Volume:

• Use echocardiography to measure the stroke volume.
• Stroke Volume is the amount of blood ejected by the left ventricle during one beat.

Heart Rate:

• Count the number of heartbeats in one minute.