Biology 11 Biology 11
UNIT I: DIVERSITY OF LIVING ORGANISMS
- The Living World: What is living?
- Need for classification
- Taxonomy & Systematics
- Concept of species and taxonomical hierarchy
- Binomial nomenclature
- Biological Classification: Five kingdom classification
- salient features and classification of Monera
- Protista and Fungi into major groups
- Lichens
- Viruses and Viroids. Plant Kingdom: Salient features and classification of plants into major groups-Algae
- Bryophytes
- Pteridophytes
- Gymnosperms (three to five salient and distinguishing features and at least two examples of each category)
UNIT II: STRUCTURAL ORGANISATION IN PLANTS AND ANIMALS
- Family (malvaceae, Cruciferae, leguminoceae, compositae, graminae)
- of an insect (Frog). (Brief account only)
UNIT III: CELL: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION
- Plant cell and animal cell
- micro bodies; Cytoskeleton
UNIT IV: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
- Transport in Plants: Movement of water
- gases and nutrients
- cell to cell transport
- diffusion
- facilitated diffusion
- active transport
- plant-water relations
- imbibition
- water potential
- osmosis
- plasmolysis
- long distance transport of water - Absorption
- apoplast
- symplast
- transpiration pull
- root pressure and guttation
- transpiration
- opening and closing of stomata
- Uptake and translocation of mineral nutrients - Transport of food
- phloem transport
- mass flow hypothesis. Mineral Nutrition: Essential minerals
- macro- and micronutrients and their role
- deficiency symptoms
- mineral toxicity
- elementary idea of hydroponics as a method to study mineral nutrition
- nitrogen metabolism
- nitrogen cycle
- biological nitrogen fixation
- Seed germination
UNIT V: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
- Digestion and Absorption: Alimentary canal and digestive glands
- role of digestive enzymes and gastrointestinal hormones; Peristalsis, digestion
- absorption and assimilation of proteins
- carbohydrates and fats
- calorific values of proteins
- carbohydrates and fats; egestion
- nutritional and digestive disorders - PEM, indigestion, constipation, vomiting, jaundice, diarrhoea
- Breathing and Respiration
- Emphysema, Occupational respiratory disorders
- blood vessels
- ADH and Diabetes insipidus; Role of other organs in excretion; Disorders; Uraemia, Renal failure, Renal calculi, Nephritis; Dialysis and artificial kidney
- Disorders of muscular and skeletal system
- Arthritis, Osteoporosis
- Acromegaly
- exopthalmic goiter
- Addison’s disease. (Imp: Diseases and disorders mentioned above to be dealt in brief.)
BETA
