Chemistry 12 Chemistry 12

UNIT I: Solid State
  • Classification of solids based on different binding forces
  • Crystal lattice
  • unit cell
  • calculation of density of unit cell
  • packing in solids
  • Imperfections in solids
UNIT II: Solutions
  • Types of solutions
  • expression of concentration of solutions of solids in liquids
  • Vapour pressure of solutions
  • Ideal and non-ideal solutions
UNIT III: Electrochemistry
  • cell reactions
  • specific and molar conductivity
  • variation of conductivity with concentration
UNIT IV: Chemical Kinetics
UNIT V: Surface Chemistry
  • Adsorption
  • catalysis
  • Colloidal state
  • distinction between true solutions
  • colloids and suspensions
  • Multimolecular and macromolecular colloids
  • properties of colloids
UNIT VI: General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements
  • Principles and methods of extraction - concentration
  • oxidation
  • reduction
  • Extraction of crude metal from concentrated ore
  • refining of metal
UNIT VII: p-Block Elements
  • Group 15 elements: General introduction
  • electronic configuration
  • occurrence
  • oxidation states
  • Nitrogen preparation properties and uses
  • compounds of nitrogen
UNIT VIII: d and f Block Elements
  • Characteristics of transition metals
  • General trends in properties of the first row transition metals - metallic character
  • ionisation enthalpy
  • oxidation states
  • ionic radii
  • catalytic property
UNIT IX: Coordination Compounds
  • Coordination compounds - Introduction
  • Bonding
  • Werner’s theory
  • IUPAC nomenclature
  • isomerism
  • Bonding in metal carbonyls
  • stability of coordination compounds
UNIT X: Haloalkanes and Haloarenes
  • physical and chemical properties
  • mechanism of substitution reactions
  • optical rotation
  • substitution reactions (directive influence of halogen in monosubstituted compounds only)
UNIT XII: Aldehydes, Ketones, and Carboxylic Acids
  • Nomenclature
  • methods of preparation
  • physical and chemical properties
  • mechanism of nucleophilic addition
  • reactivity of alpha hydrogen in aldehydes, uses
  • Carboxylic Acids: Nomenclature
  • acidic nature
  • methods of preparation
  • physical and chemical properties, uses
UNIT XIII: Organic Compounds containing Nitrogen
  • Classification
  • structure
  • methods of preparation
  • physical and chemical properties, uses
  • identification of primary
  • secondary and tertiary amines
  • Cyanides and Isocyanides - will be mentioned at the time of their formation
UNIT XV: Polymers
  • Types and Methods of Polymerization
  • Properties and Applications
UNIT XVI: Environmental Chemistry
  • Environmental Pollution
  • Green Chemistry
  • Waste Management
  • Sustainable Practices
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