Mathematics 12 Mathematics 12

CHAPTER I: RELATIONS AND FUNCTIONS
CHAPTER II: Inverse Trigonometrical Functions
  • Definition, range, domain, principal value branches
  • Graphs of inverse trigonometric functions
CHAPTER III: Matrices
  • Concept
  • Notation
  • Order
  • Equality
  • Zero matrix
  • Transpose of a matrix
  • Symmetric and skew symmetric matrices
  • Addition, multiplication and scalar multiplication of matrices
  • Simple properties of addition
  • Multiplication and scalar multiplication
  • Non-commutativity of multiplication of matrices and existence of non-zero matrices whose product is the zero matrix (restrict to square matrices of order 2)
  • Concept of elementary row and column operations
  • Invertible matrices and proof of the uniqueness of inverse, if it exists; (here all matrices will have real entries)
CHAPTER IV: Determinants
  • Determinant of a square matrix (up to 3 x 3 matrices)
  • Minors
  • Cofactors and applications of determinants in finding the area of a triangle
  • Adjoint and inverse of a square matrix
  • Consistency, inconsistency and number of solutions of system of linear equations by examples
  • Solving system of linear equations in two or three variables (having unique solution) using inverse of a matrix
  • Cramer’s Rule and its applications
CHAPTER VI: APPLICATIONS OF DERIVATIVE
  • Geometrical application-tangent and normal at a point
  • Rolle’s theorem and Mean value theorem and their geometrical interpretation (without proof)
  • Derivative as a rate measure-introduction
  • Approximation (without proof)
  • Maxima and minima
  • Introduction of extrema and extreme values
  • First derivative test
  • Second derivative test
CHAPTER VIII: APPLICATIONS OF DEFINITE INTEGRAL
  • Area under the curve
  • Area bounded by curve and axis (simple problems)
  • Area bounded by two curves
  • Volume of solid of revolution-volume of solid obtained by revolving the area under the curve about the axis (simple problems)
CHAPTER IX: DIFFERENTIAL EQUATION
  • Definition-differential equation
  • Order
  • Degree
  • General solution
  • Particular solution of differential equation
  • Formation of differential equation-formation of differential equation by eliminating arbitary constants (at most two constants)
  • Solution of first order and first degree differential equation-variable separable method
  • Homogeneous differential equation (equation reducible to homogeneous form are not expected)
  • Linear differential equation
  • Applications : population growth, bacterial colony growth, surface area, Newton’s laws of cooling, radioactive decay
CHAPTER X: VECTORS ALGEBRA
  • Vectors and scalars
  • Magnitude and direction of a vector
  • Direction cosines/ratios of vectors
  • Types of vectors (equal, unit, zero, parallel and collinear vectors)
  • Position vector of a point
  • Negative of a vector
  • Components of a vector
  • Addition of vectors
  • Multiplication of a vector by a scalar
  • Position vector of a point dividing a line segment in a given ratio
  • Scalar (dot) product of vectors
  • Projection of a vector on a line
  • Vector (cross) product of vectors
CHAPTER XI: THREE-DIMENSIONAL GEOMETRY
CHAPTER XII: LINEAR PROGRAMMING
  • Introduction
  • Definition of related terminology such as constraints, objective function, optimization
  • Different types of linear programming (L.P.) problems
  • Mathematical formulation of L.P. Problems
  • Graphical method of solution for problems in two variables
  • Feasible and infeasible regions
  • Feasible and infeasible solutions
  • Optimal feasible solutions (up to three non-trivial constraints)
CHAPTER XIII: PROBABILITY
  • Multiplication theorem on probability Conditional probability
  • Independent events
  • Total probability
  • Random variable and its probability distribution mean and variance of random variable
  • Repeated independent (Bernoulli) trials and Binomial distribution
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