SECTION I - BOTANY
UNIT I: DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD
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Diversity in living organisms-Brief idea
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Systematic and binomial system of nomenclature - meaning of the terms taxonomy
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classification and nomenclature
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Concept of species. Taxonomic hierarchy with examples
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Binomial nomenclature explanation significance and examples
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Classification of living organisms (five Kingdom classification) – Major groups and principles of classification for each Kingdom with examples
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Lichens - Meaning characters examples and importance
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Viruses and viroids - Definitions characters types with examples
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Economic importance and list of viral diseases
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Salient features of major plant groups - Algae
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Gymnosperms and Angiosperms (Dicotyledons and Monocotyledons)
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Three to five salient features and two examples of each category
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Botanical gardens and herbaria - Meaning importance and list of gardens and herbaria in India
UNIT II: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELL
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Basic chemical constituents of living bodies
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Structure and function of carbohydrates, proteins, lipids and nucleic acids in brief
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Enzymes - Definition, Types, general properties
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Enzyme action and factors affecting enzyme activity in brief
UNIT IV: PLANT PHYSIOLOGY
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Plant Water Relations and Mineral Nutrition
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Movement of water, food, nutrients and gases - Absorption of water and minerals,Apoplast and Symplast Pathways. Active and passive absorption in brief
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Guttation Ascent of sap, root pressure concept and cohesion - tension theory. Translocation of sugars through phloem brief account
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Transpiration – structure of stomata mechanism of opening and closing of stomata Role of K+ ions
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Role of water and minerals - macronutrients and micronutrients and their role
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Mineral deficiency symptoms
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Elementary idea of Hydroponics
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Nitrogen Metabolism (nitrogen cycle biological nitrogen fixation)
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Plant Growth and Development: Seed dormancy
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epigeal and viviparous. Definition and characteristics of growth. Phases of growth
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redifferentiation Sequence of developmental process in a plant cell Growth regulators - auxins
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ethylene and abscissic acid (role in brief) Photoperiodism
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Photomorphogenesis including brief account of Phytochromes (Elementary idea) Vernalization
SECTION II – ZOOLOGY
UNIT I: DIVERSITY IN LIVING WORLD
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Salient features of major phyla under kingdom Animalia
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Classification of following phyla with three to five salient features and two examples of each category: Porifera
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Echinodermata and Hemichordata
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Classification of phylum chordata upto class level with three to five salient features and two examples of each category: Urochordata
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Zoological parks and Museums - General idea with list
UNIT II: STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF CELL
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Plant cell and animal cell
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Nuclear organization - Nucleus
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nucleolus and nucleoplasm
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Cell wall and cell membrane - (fluid mosaic model)
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Cell organelles: Plastids
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Ribosome and Centrioles (ultrstructure and functions)
UNIT III: STRUCTURAL ORGANIZATION IN ANIMALS
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Epithelial tissues - simple epithelium (squamous, cuboidal, columnar, Ciliated, glandular)
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compound epithelium (stratified)
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Connective tissue - (Areolar, Adipose, Tendons, Ligaments, Cartilage and Bone)
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Muscular tissue - (Smooth, striated and cardiac)
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Nervous tissue (Neurons, glial cells and types of neurons)
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Morphology anatomy and functions of digestive
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nervous and reproductive systems of cockroach (Brief account only)
UNIT IV: HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
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Digestive system in brief
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Physiology of digestion, gastrointestinal hormones, Peristalsis
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Calorific value of proteins, carbohydrates and fats
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Absorption, assimilation and egestion
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Nutritional and digestive disorders – PEM
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Regulation of Respiration
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Emphysema and occupational lung diseases
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Human skeleton and Locomotion
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Brief account of human skeleton: A. Axial Skeleton B. Appendicular Skeleton (Details to be dealt with the relevant practical)
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Types of joints - synarthroses, amphiarthroses, and diarthroses
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Types of diarthroses - ball and socket, hinge, condyloid, pivot, saddle and gliding joints
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Types of Movement- Ciliary, Flagellar
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Muscular Mechanism of muscle movement: Contractile proteins and Muscle contraction
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Skeletal and muscular disorders – Myasthenia gravis, Osteoporosis, arthritis
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muscular dystrophy tetany
BETA
