UNIT II: SOLUTIONS AND COLLIGATIVE PROPERTIES
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Different methods for expressing the concentration of solution - molality
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percentage (by volume and mass both)
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van’t Hoff factor and its significance
UNIT VI: GENERAL PRINCIPLES AND PROCESSES OF ISOLATION OF ELEMENTS
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Principles and methods of extraction – concentration
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reduction electrolytic method and refining; occurrence and principle of extraction of aluminium
UNIT VII: p-BLOCK ELEMENTS
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Group 15 elements: General introduction
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trends in physical and chemical properties; nitrogen – preparation
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properties and uses; compounds of nitrogen; preparation and properties of ammonia and nitric acid
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oxides of nitrogen (structure only); Phoshorous-allotropic forms; compounds of phosphorous; preparation and properties of phosphine
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halides (PCl 3 ,PCl 5 ) and oxoacids (elementary idea only)
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Group 16 elements: General introduction
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trends in physical and chemical properties; dioxygen; preparation
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properties and uses; Classification of oxides
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simple oxides; Ozone. Sulphur – allotropic forms; compounds of sulphur; preparation
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properties and uses of sulphur dioxide; sulphurc acid; industrial process of manufacture
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oxoacids of sulphur (structures only)
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Group 17 elements: General introduction
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trends in physical and chemical properties; compounds of halogens; preparation
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properties and uses of chlorine and hydrochloric acid
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oxoacids of halogens (structure only). Group 18 elements: General introduction
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electronic configuration. Occurrence
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trends in physical and chemical properties, uses
UNIT VIII: d - and f- BLOCK ELEMENTS
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f-Block elements- Lanthanoids – Electronic configuration
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chemical reactivity and lanthanoid contraction and its consequences. Actinoids – Electronic configuration
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oxidation states. Comparison with lanthanoids
UNIT XI: ALCOHOLS, PHENOLS AND ETHERS
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General methods of preparation
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properties, reactions, and uses
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physical and chemical properties, uses
UNIT XIII: ORGANIC COMPOUNDS CONTAINING NITROGEN
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General methods of preparation. Properties
UNIT XVI: CHEMISTRY IN EVERYDAY LIFE
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Chemicals in medicines : analgesics, tranquilizers, antiseptics, disinfectants, antimicrobials, antifertility drugs, antibiotics, antacids, antihistamines elementary idea of antioxidants
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Chemicals in food : Preservatives, artificial sweetening agents
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Cleansing agents : Soaps and detergents, cleansing action
BETA
