Active transport is a process by which molecules are moved across a cell membrane against a concentration gradient, requiring energy input. It is essential for maintaining cellular homeostasis and transporting nutrients, ions, and other substances into and out of cells.
The energy for active transport is derived from ATP hydrolysis, which provides the necessary power to move molecules against the concentration gradient. There are two main types of active transport: primary active transport and secondary active transport, similar to how specialized proteins move molecules.
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