Chemical Bonding Result Question 11

11. Stability of the species $\mathrm{Li}_2, \mathrm{Li}_2^{-}$ and $\mathrm{Li}_2^{+}$ increases in the order of

(2013 Main)

(a) $\mathrm{Li}_2<\mathrm{Li}_2^{+}<\mathrm{Li}_2^{-}$

(b) $\mathrm{Li}_2^{-}<\mathrm{Li}_2^{+}<\mathrm{Li}_2$

(c) $\mathrm{Li}_2<\mathrm{Li}_2^{-}<\mathrm{Li}_2^{+}$

(d) $\mathrm{Li}_2^{-}<\mathrm{Li}_2<\mathrm{Li}_2^{+}$

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Answer:

Correct Answer: 11. ( b )

Solution:

  1. $\mathrm{Li}_2(3+3=6)=\sigma 1 s^2$, $\stackrel{*}{\sigma} 1 s^2, \sigma 2 s^2$

Bond order $=\frac{N_b-N_a}{2}=\frac{4-2}{2}=1$

$\mathrm{Li}_2^{+}(3+3-1=5)=\sigma 1 s^2,{ } \sigma^* 1 s^2, \sigma 2 s^1$

Bond order $=\frac{3-2}{2}=\frac{1}{2}=0.5$

$\mathrm{Li}_2^{-}(3+3+1=7)=\sigma 1 s^2, \stackrel{*}{\sigma} 1 s^2, \sigma 2 s^2 \stackrel{*}{\sigma} 2 s^1$

Bond order $=\frac{4-3}{2}=\frac{1}{2}=0.5$

Stability order is $\mathrm{Li}_2^{-}<\mathrm{Li}_2^{+}<\mathrm{Li}_2$

(because $\mathrm{Li}_2^{-}$ has more number of electrons in antibonding orbitals which destabilises the species).



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